Quasars Essay -- Essays Papers

Quasars Since their discovery, the nature of quasars has been one of the most intriguing and baffling problems as evidenced by the following quotations: " the problem of understanding quasi-stellar objects†¦ is one of the most important and fascinating tasks in all physics" - G.Burbidge and Hoyle. "The quasar continues to rank both as one of the most baffling objects in the universe and one most capable of inspiring heated argument" - Morrison. "The redshift problem is one of the most critical problems in astronomy today" - G. Burbidge. "Quasars still remain the profoundest mystery in the heavens" - Hazard and Mitton. The conventional interpretation of the spectral lines observed in quasars is based on the redshift hypothesis. Three hypotheses have been advanced to account for the supposed redshifts: 1. Cosmological hypothesis; the redshifts are due to the expansion of the universe, 2. Gravitational hypothesis, 3 Local-Doppler hypothesis; in this hypothesis the redshifts are due to the Doppler effect, but the quasars are relatively nearby and have nothing to do with the expansion of the universe. Of these hypotheses, the first one is the most publicized one. One is led to attribute to quasars very many mysterious properties if one assumes the redshift hypothesis to be correct. A patient analysis of the data on quasars over the years has led to the conclusion that the real source of the trouble is in the assumption that the spectra of quasars have redshifts. In the early 1960's quasars were known as 'radio stars' because the method used to discover the first quasars was based on coincidences between a strong radio source and a point-like optical source. Since each radio source was associated with a star it was originally thought that quasars were objects within the galaxy hence the term 'radio stars'. Quasars or quasi-stellar radio source, from the method by which they where originally discovered: as stellar optical counterparts to small regions of strong radio emission. With increasing spatial resolution of radio telescopes the strong radio emission often seemed to come from a pair of lobes surrounding many of these faint star-like emission line objects. The initial method of selection was strong radio emission, and then later any object with blue or ultraviolet excess wa... ... between galaxies, either through direct collisions or near encounters, can be important in turning on a quasar, by dumping fuel onto a black hole. However some quasars look unperturbed, so there may be other, more subtle mechanisms for feeding the black hole. Some of the galaxies we observed don't appear to know they have a quasar in their core. 3. Quasars that are radio quiet are often in elliptical galaxies, not always in spiral galaxies, as previously believed. Advanced instruments planned for Hubble should also help pin down more details. The Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS), to be installed in 1997, and the Advanced Camera, to be installed in 1999, will have coronagraphic devices which will block out the glare of a quasar, allowing astronomers to see closer into a galaxy's nucleus. By viewing galactic structures in infrared light , the NICMOS should be able to provide important new details about the host galaxies of quasars. The continued study of quasars and the information that it will provide us with may help us to develop a better understanding of space and how we fit in to this great puzzle.

Jealousy

In Shakespearean plays jealousy usually plays a considerable role in the causing the tragedy. Shakespeare shows great understanding in human nature and human tendencies. One aspect of human nature that he has a lot of insight on is jealousy. Shakespeare understands jealousy well, and is able to illustrate how jealousy can bring out the worst in people. In Othello , it is clear that in law relationships will fail because jealousy makes both parties of the relationship act evil.In addition, jealousy can cause the downfall of a marriage. Moreover jealousy can initiate the downfall of a friendship. Jealousy can bring out the evil and irrational actions in a relationship, resulting in the failure of the relationship. Family (In Law) relationships will fail due to both parties acting evilly and irrationally because of jealousy. Jealousy can cause the destruction of a good father daughter relationship causing a father to betray his daughter.Desdemona and his daughter had a good relationship because Barbantio says, â€Å"I therefore vouch again/ That with some mixtures powerful o'er the blood,/ Or with some dram, conjured this effect, He wrought upon her† (Act 1 scene 3, line 103-105). This shows that she would never have wanted to leave her father of her own free will before. However due to the jealousy towards Othello for winning his daughter, Barbantio betrays his own daughter when he says, â€Å"God be with you! I have done. (act 1 scene3 line189).This quote shows that Barbantio disowns and betrays his daughter because he is jealous that she has chose Othello over him, ending their father daughter relationship. Moreover, Barbantio and Othello had a good relationship until jealousy caused Barbantio to become racist. Othello says, â€Å"Her father loved me, oft invited me† (Act 1 scene3 line128), this shows that Barbantio and Othello had a good relationship. Afterwards, Barbantio exclaimed that, â€Å"I'd rather adopt a child then get it. † (Act 1 Scene 3 line 191). Barbantio is saying that he would rather adopt a child then have a half black grandchild.The jealousy causes Barbantio to become racist, ending their relationship. Therefore, jealousy can cause people in a Family(In Law) relationship to act with evil, resulting in the downfall of the family relationship. Jealousy can cause spouses to act evil and irrational, ensuring the downfall of the marriage. Husbands go from trusting their wives to distrusting their wives for the reason that jealousy causes them to, hence ending their marriage. Othello declared, â€Å"My life upon her faith! † in a response to Barbantio uttering, â€Å"She has deceived her father, and may thee. (Act1 scene 3 line 293), this shows that he is fully trusting of Desdemona in the beginning of their marriage. Then Othello becomes jealous of Cassio because he believes that Cassio is sleepingwith Desdemona, this jealousy initiates Othello's distrust in Desdemona. This distrust towards Desd emona results in Othello not believing Desdemona when she says that she is a â€Å"true/ and loyal wife† (Act 4 scene 2 line 34-5) results in the end of the relationship because Othello slays her because he suspects that she is cheating.Furthermore, jealousy can cause a member of the relationship to act illogically resulting in the collapse of the relationship. Othello started out as a very sensible person who would always think of a logical solution. For example, when Barbantio came to fight him he talked them out of a battle, he says, â€Å"Hold your hands,/ Both you of my inclining and the rest. /Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it/ Without a prompter† (Act1 Scene2 Line 83-85). This shows that he was in a logical state of mind before the jealousy caused him to become unreasonable.He became so unreasonable that he started seeing what the jealousy inside of him wanted to see. The jealousy caused him to be unreasonable to the point where a simple hanker chi ef, that Desdemona could have easily lost, triggered him into thinking that Desdemona and Cassio are having an affair, which led to him plotting to kill both of them. Additionally, Othello and Desdemona's have a very pleasant marriage, until abuse starts because of jealousy. Othello went from show enormous amounts of affection towards Desdemona.When Othellos sees Desdemona for the first time in Cyprus he exclaims, â€Å"O my fair warrior† (act2 scene1 line 177) then Desdemona replies, â€Å"My dear Othello! â€Å"(Act 2 Scene1 Lines 178). This shows that there is a lot of affection in their relationship prior to jealousy making Othello very abusive. Othello becomes jealous that Desdemona is sleeping with Cassio, so his suspicion lead to him abusing Desdemona mentally by calling her a â€Å"Whore†. As a result, jealousy can evolve into the hammer that can break a wedlock!

The Civil Rights And Its Role In The Cold War For America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 981 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/21 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Rights Movement Essay Cold War Essay Did you like this example? In 1958, Jimmy Wilson would be the center of international attention. After he was sentenced to death in Alabama for stealing less than two dollars in change, Wilsons case was thought to encapsulate the harsh consequences of Americans racism. This in turn brought to the surface international anxiety about the Americans race relations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Civil Rights And Its Role In The Cold War For America" essay for you Create order Because United States was the leader of the free world, racism in the country would be an international concern. Racism has been the talk since before the 18th century. We have seen some many instances where racism has played a major part in the lives of many. But never have we seen it on an international scale. But being that the United States leader of the free world racism brought about a concern from all the nations around small lead to something so controversial. They wanted to know how the American democracy be a lighthouse during the cold war and a model for the people struggling against the Soviet oppression, if America itself practiced brutal discrimination against minorities within its own borders. This quandary started on July 27, 1957. The details that came to his untimely and cruel hearing were shaky from the start. Mr. Wilson worked for a lady by the name of Estelle Baker, an old dame, in Marion, Alabama. As he told a Toronto reporter. Ms.barker let him in her house one evening, and they got into an argument, which resulted in her throwing some money on the bed. Wilson took the money and left, but it was not even enough for a cab fare. But Baker told a more menacing side to the story and along with him taking her money she claims that he also attempted to rape her, but it was not successful. Wilson was charged with robbery the stealing of $1.95, but with the unauthorized testification of Ms. Baker without any thought Jimmy Wilson was convicted by an all-white jury and was sentenced to death. Since the other nations followed closely with race in the United States with great interest, the Wilsons case without a doubt came to be international news. People were so disturbed by the thought of a man being put to death by electrocution from the chair for less than two dollars. He got attention from the Voice of Ethiopia, and Ashanti pioneer, as well as being widely publicized in West Africa. This led to businessmen of America calling the U.S. embassy in Monrovia to express their concerns about Wilsons convictions. Even an Norwegian housewife sent a letter expressing her sympathy Jimmy and plead lenience for him. There were even some extreme concerns for Mr. Jimmy in one instance the threatened the U.S. embassy that if Wilson was executed then the U.S. ambassador would not survive either. Even a spokesperson for the NAACP said it would be a sad blot on the nation if Wilson was executed. He also called that the communist would take the headline and run with it and they did exactly that. The communist newspaper in Rome. LUnita, called the death sentence a new revolution crime by the United States segregationist while under the headlin e This Is America. This ruling had got more than enough attention for the judge to change his might and dismiss the case and the ruling. But why did it need to go this far for the people of Alabama to realized how unfair their ruling was. Americas justice system has not change much since the 1950s. We constantly today see the black community slip faster into prison than they do into a decent job. The choice for them the go to jail provides money for the government and they could care less about whether or not a black man is treated fair and equal. The 6th and 8th amendment were created for equality, but it seemed as though it brought no effect to the right of an African American. There was in the least no need for a man to be killed because he took approximately 2 dollars which was again not even enough for a cab ride home. While the cold war faced its own challenges American within itself had internal conflicts of its own. We had no grounds to distract the world from a major matter over our selfish and unnecessary actions against a man of color. The world should have never known about jimmy Wilson because America shouldve had the sense to know that the death sentence was not even need at the table when choosing the p unishment of a petty robbery. We had no sense of moral when it came to the thoughts and feeling towards the black men and women of America. The war over communism lied within that homes of some black people and though none chose to speak there was a prominent black intellectual at the time by the name of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (W.E.B. Du Bois) who was publicly known in his siding with the Soviet Union in the cold war. He wrote in an unpublished manuscript about the soviets achievements. You might wonder why praise Josef Stalin even at his awareness of the soviet violence. The key to understanding took to his wife Shirley Graham who was procommunist and connect to many communist countries like Egypt, Ghana, China, the Soviet Union, And Europe. WEB viewed the Soviet Union- even looking passed the monstrous acts carried out on their own country- as making considerable progress in creating a society free of racial hierarchy, whereas the United States lagged. The progress reverberated well with African Americans and people of color living in newly independent formerly colonized countries. Work cited Dudziak, Mary L. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2011. Stanford Scholar Tells History of Cold War from African American Perspective. Stanford News, March 8, 2017. Accessed December 7, 2018. https://news.stanford.edu/2017/03/08/cold-war-african-american-perspective/.